# @(#)southamerica      8.1
# <pre>

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (1999-07-07):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
#       I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
#       _daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
#       in Europe and South America.
#       -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
#       H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
#
# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
#       The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
#       Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
#       "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
#       The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
#       "plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
#       name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
# Corrections are welcome!
#               std     dst
#       -2:00   FNT     FNST    Fernando de Noronha
#       -3:00   BRT     BRST    Brasilia
#       -4:00   AMT     AMST    Amazon
#       -5:00   ACT     ACST    Acre

###############################################################################

###############################################################################

# Argentina

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC

# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Arg     1930    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1932    1940    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1932    1939    -       Nov      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1940    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Jun     15      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Aug      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Dec     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1988    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
# obtaining the data from the:
# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
#
# Shanks stops after 1992-03-01; go with Otero.
Rule    Arg     1989    1993    -       Mar     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
Rule    Arg     1989    1992    -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
#
# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
# from the International Date Line.
Rule    Arg     1999    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Arg     2000    only    -       Mar     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
#
# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
#
# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
# in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
# in effect.... The article is at
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
#
# (2001-06-12):
# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
#
# (2001-06-25):
# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
# It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-01-22):
# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html">
# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2000-10-01)
# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
# over Shanks.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
#
# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
# time in October 17th.
#
# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
#
# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
#     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
#   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
#   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
#   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
# provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
# contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html

# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks through 1992, from
# the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks says that
# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, but we
# haven't verified this yet so for now we'll keep it a single region.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
# Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Santiago del Estero (SE), Cordoba (CB),
# San Luis (SL), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
#
# Shanks also makes the following claims, which we haven't verified:
# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
# - San Luis switched to -4:00 on 1990-03-14, then to -3:00 on 1990-10-15,
#   then to -4:00 on 1991-03-01, then to -3:00 on 1991-06-01.
# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
#   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
#
Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Tucuman (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 13
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# La Rioja (LR)
Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# San Juan (SJ)
Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 31
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jul 25
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Jujuy (JY)
Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT     1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
                        -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 28
                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar 17
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct  6
                        -3:00   1:00    ARST    1992
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Mendoza (MZ)
Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
                        -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 15
                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 15
                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1992 Mar  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    1992 Oct 18
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 23
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Sep 26
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
                        -3:00   -       ART
#
# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 30
                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
                        -3:00   -       ART

# Aruba
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Aruba   -4:40:24 -      LMT     1912 Feb 12     # Oranjestad
                        -4:30   -       ANT     1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Bolivia
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/La_Paz  -4:32:36 -      LMT     1890
                        -4:32:36 -      CMT     1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
                        -4:32:36 1:00   BOST    1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
                        -4:00   -       BOT     # Bolivia Time

# Brazil

# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.

# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]

# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
# (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
# become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
# has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.

# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html">
# Brazilian official page
# </a>

# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm

# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
#
# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
# the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
# take place on October 27th.
#
# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...

# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">
# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
# </a> (2001-09-20, in Portuguese).
# The official site for all decrees, including those not related to time, is
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/principal_ano.htm">
# Presidencia da Republica, Subchefia para Assuntos Juridicos, Decretos
# </a> (in Portuguese).

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
Rule    Brazil  1931    only    -       Oct      3      11:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1932    1933    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Brazil  1932    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
Rule    Brazil  1949    1952    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1950    only    -       Apr     16       1:00   0       -
Rule    Brazil  1951    1952    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
Rule    Brazil  1953    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
Rule    Brazil  1963    only    -       Dec      9       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
Rule    Brazil  1964    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Mar     31       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
Rule    Brazil  1966    1968    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Brazil  1966    1967    -       Nov      1       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
Rule    Brazil  1985    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Mar     15       0:00   0       -
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Feb     14       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Feb      7       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Oct     16       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Jan     29       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Oct     15       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Feb     17       0:00   0       -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Oct     20       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Feb      9       0:00   0       -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1993    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22;
# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm">1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
Rule    Brazil  1993    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=11  0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1994    1995    -       Feb     Sun>=15  0:00   0       -
Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Feb     16       0:00   0       -
# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
# (1998-02-10)
Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Oct     11       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Feb     21       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif">3,150</a>
# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  2000    only    -       Feb     27       0:00   0       -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
# adopted by the same states as before.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a>
# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
Rule    Brazil  2000    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=8   0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Brazil  2001    max     -       Feb     Sun>=15  0:00   0       -
# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm"></a>
Rule    Brazil  2002    only    -       Nov      3       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm"></a>
Rule    Brazil  2003    only    -       Oct     19       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
# <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm"></a>
Rule    Brazil  2004    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif">5,539</a> (2005-09-19),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule    Brazil  2005    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15  0:00   1:00    S
# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
# For dates after mid-2006, the above rules with TO="max" are guesses
# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.


# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
Zone America/Noronha    -2:09:40 -      LMT     1914
                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   1990 Sep 17
                        -2:00   -       FNT     1999 Sep 30
                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2000 Oct 15
                        -2:00   -       FNT     2001 Sep 13
                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2002 Oct  1
                        -2:00   -       FNT
# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
# it also included the Penedos.
#
# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
Zone America/Belem      -3:13:56 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
# Paraiba (PB)
Zone America/Fortaleza  -2:34:00 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
Zone America/Recife     -2:19:36 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 15
                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Tocantins (TO)
Zone America/Araguaina  -3:12:48 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
                        -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Sep 14
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
Zone America/Maceio     -2:22:52 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
                        -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Oct 13
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1996 Sep  4
                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Bahia (BA)
# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
# of America/Salvador.
Zone America/Bahia      -2:34:04 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
                        -3:00   -       BRT
#
# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Zone America/Sao_Paulo  -3:06:28 -      LMT     1914
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1963 Oct 23 00:00
                        -3:00   1:00    BRST    1964
                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT
#
# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -    LMT     1914
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
#
# Mato Grosso (MT)
Zone America/Cuiaba     -3:44:20 -      LMT     1914
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2003 Sep 24
                        -4:00   -       AMT     2004 Oct  1
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
#
# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -     LMT     1914
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -4:00   -       AMT
#
# Roraima (RR)
Zone America/Boa_Vista  -4:02:40 -      LMT     1914
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -4:00   -       AMT     1999 Sep 30
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2000 Oct 15
                        -4:00   -       AMT
#
# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
# east from west Amazonas.
Zone America/Manaus     -4:00:04 -      LMT     1914
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -4:00   -       AMT     1993 Sep 28
                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1994 Sep 22
                        -4:00   -       AMT
#
# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
#       Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
Zone America/Eirunepe   -4:39:28 -      LMT     1914
                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -5:00   -       ACT     1993 Sep 28
                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1994 Sep 22
                        -5:00   -       ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 -      LMT     1914
                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
                        -5:00   -       ACT


# Chile

# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
# of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
# (1998-09-29):
# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).

# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
# on April 3, (one-time change).

# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-04):
# I came across another article in "La Tercera" about Chilean DST.
# <http://www.tercera.cl/diario/2000/10/13/t-extras.html>
# It clearly confirms my earlier suggestion, that DST begins at 22:00
# on Easter Island....  But it also seems to be saying that the
# observance of DST in Chile began in 1966, rather than 1969 as
# ... [Shanks] has it....
#
# My translation:
#
# "The Chilean Army has announced that summer time will begin tomorrow,
# Saturday, October 14 in continental Chile, insular Chile, and
# Antarctica, as provided by Supreme Decree 25 of January 11, 1966.
# By the preceding, official time in continental Chile and Chilean
# Antarctic, and official time in Western Insular Chile, which applies
# to Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, will be set forward at
# midnight and at 22:00, respectively, by 20 minutes."

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
# Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.
# Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-24):
# <http://www.shoa.cl/shoa/faqhoraoficial.htm> gives many details that
# disagree with the following table, but we haven't had time to compare them.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Chile   1918    only    -       Sep      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Chile   1919    only    -       Jul      2      0:00    0       -
Rule    Chile   1927    1931    -       Sep      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Chile   1928    1932    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Chile   1966    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
Rule    Chile   1967    1998    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
Rule    Chile   1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
Rule    Chile   1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
Rule    Chile   1999    max     -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
Rule    Chile   2000    max     -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago   -4:42:40 -      LMT     1890
                        -4:42:40 -      SMT     1910        # Santiago Mean Time
                        -5:00   Chile   CL%sT   1932 Sep    # Chile Time
                        -4:00   Chile   CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter     -7:17:28 -      LMT     1890        # Mataveri
                        -7:17:28 -      MMT     1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
                        -7:00   Chile   EAS%sT  1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
                        -6:00   Chile   EAS%sT
#
# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.

# Colombia
# Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
# as it seems implausible to change clocks at midnight New Year's Eve.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    CO      1992    only    -       May      2      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    CO      1992    only    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       -
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Bogota  -4:56:20 -      LMT     1884 Mar 13
                        -4:56:20 -      BMT     1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
                        -5:00   CO      CO%sT   # Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota

# Curacao
# Shanks says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since
# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon
# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.
# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Curacao -4:35:44 -      LMT     1912 Feb 12     # Willemstad
                        -4:30   -       ANT     1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Ecuador
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil  -5:19:20 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:14:00 -      QMT     1931 # Quito Mean Time
                        -5:00   -       ECT          # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos  -5:58:24 -      LMT     1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
                        -5:00   -       ECT     1986
                        -6:00   -       GALT         # Galapagos Time

# Falklands

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except
# the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks.

# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
# via Jesper Norgaard:
# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
# September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
# Sunday 1 September.

# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
#
# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
# what was said then:
#
# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
# and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
# is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
# as UK or Chile."
#
# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
#
# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
# Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
# West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
# DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
# it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
#
# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
# which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
# the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
# better info.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Falk    1937    1938    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1938    1942    -       Mar     Sun>=19 0:00    0       -
Rule    Falk    1939    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1940    1942    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1943    only    -       Jan     1       0:00    0       -
Rule    Falk    1983    only    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1984    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    0       -
Rule    Falk    1984    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1985    2000    -       Sep     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Falk    1986    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=16 0:00    0       -
Rule    Falk    2001    max     -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
Rule    Falk    2001    max     -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley   -3:51:24 -      LMT     1890
                        -3:51:24 -      SMT     1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
                        -4:00   Falk    FK%sT   1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
                        -3:00   Falk    FK%sT   1985 Sep 15
                        -4:00   Falk    FK%sT

# French Guiana
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne    -3:29:20 -      LMT     1911 Jul
                        -4:00   -       GFT     1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
                        -3:00   -       GFT

# Guyana
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Guyana  -3:52:40 -      LMT     1915 Mar        # Georgetown
                        -3:45   -       GBGT    1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
                        -3:45   -       GYT     1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
                        -3:00   -       GYT     1991
# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
                        -4:00   -       GYT

# Paraguay
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Shanks (1999) says that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with earlier
# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Para    1975    1988    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1975    1978    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    1979    1991    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    1989    only    -       Oct     22      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1990    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1991    only    -       Oct      6      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Oct      5      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1993    only    -       Mar     31      0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    1993    1995    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    1994    1995    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    1996    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
# (10-01).
#
# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
# </a>:
# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
# system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
#
# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]:
# http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.900592
#
Rule    Para    1996    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
Rule    Para    1997    only    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
# Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
Rule    Para    1998    2001    -       Mar     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
# A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
# April.
Rule    Para    2002    2004    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
Rule    Para    2002    2003    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05) <http://www.labor.com.py/noticias.asp?id=27>
Rule    Para    2004    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Para    2005    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00    0       -

# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion   -3:50:40 -      LMT     1890
                        -3:50:40 -      AMT     1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       PYT     1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
                        -3:00   -       PYT     1974 Apr
                        -4:00   Para    PY%sT

# Peru
#
# <a href="news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net">
# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):</a>
# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-02):
# Shanks doesn't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Peru    1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Peru    1939    1940    -       Mar     Sun>=24 0:00    0       -
Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks.
Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Lima    -5:08:12 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:08:36 -      LMT     1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
                        -5:00   Peru    PE%sT   # Peru Time

# South Georgia
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -  LMT     1890            # Grytviken
                        -2:00   -       GST     # South Georgia Time

# South Sandwich Is
# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered

# Suriname
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 -      LMT     1911
                        -3:40:52 -      PMT     1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
                        -3:40:36 -      PMT     1945 Oct # The capital moved?
                        -3:30   -       NEGT    1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
                        -3:30   -       SRT     1984 Oct # Suriname Time
                        -3:00   -       SRT

# Trinidad and Tobago
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -   LMT     1912 Mar 2
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
# From Shanks:
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
Rule    Uruguay 1923    only    -       Oct      2       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1924    1926    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1924    1925    -       Oct      1       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1933    1935    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
Rule    Uruguay 1934    1936    -       Mar     Sat>=25 23:30s  0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1936    only    -       Nov      1       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1937    1941    -       Mar     lastSun  0:00   0       -
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
Rule    Uruguay 1937    1940    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
Rule    Uruguay 1941    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Jan      1       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1943    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       May     24       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       Nov     15       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Jan     17       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Mar      6       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1965    1967    -       Apr     Sun>=1   0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1965    only    -       Sep     26       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1966    1967    -       Oct     31       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       May     27       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       Dec      2       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Apr     24       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Aug     15       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Mar     10       0:00   0:30    HS
Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Dec     22       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1976    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1977    only    -       Dec      4       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1978    only    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1979    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1980    only    -       May      1       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1987    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Dec     11       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Mar     12       0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   1:00    S
# Shanks says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
Rule    Uruguay 1990    1992    -       Mar     Sun>=1   0:00   0       -
Rule    Uruguay 1990    1991    -       Oct     Sun>=21  0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1992    only    -       Oct     18       0:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 1993    only    -       Feb     28       0:00   0       -
# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
Rule    Uruguay 2004    only    -       Sep     19       0:00   1:00    S
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Mar     27       2:00   0       -
# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
# This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Oct      9       2:00   1:00    S
Rule    Uruguay 2006    only    -       Mar     12       2:00   0       -
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 -      LMT     1898 Jun 28
                        -3:44:44 -      MMT     1920 May  1     # Montevideo MT
                        -3:30   Uruguay UY%sT   1942 Dec 14     # Uruguay Time
                        -3:00   Uruguay UY%sT

# Venezuela
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Caracas -4:27:44 -      LMT     1890
                        -4:27:40 -      CMT     1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
                        -4:30   -       VET     1965         # Venezuela Time
                        -4:00   -       VET
