# @(#)northamerica      8.1
# <pre>

# also includes Central America and the Caribbean

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

###############################################################################

# United States

# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
# and the most of the country soon followed suit.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).

# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US and Puerto Rico entries below.

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
# Not everyone is happy with the results:
#
#       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
#       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
#       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
#       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
#       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
#       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
#       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
#       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
#       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
#       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
#
#       -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
#          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
#
# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
#
# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".

# From Arthur David Olson:
# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.

# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.

# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
# An AltaVista search turned up
# <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
# </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.

# From Joseph Gallant citing
# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
#
# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
# importance."
#
# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
#
# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.

# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
# U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S

# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
# this time zone package.
# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.

# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
#    old                         new
#    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
#    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
#    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
#    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
#
# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
#    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
#    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.

# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
# USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
# USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
# USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
# USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
# USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
# USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
# USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
# USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY

# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
# The above dates are for 1988.
# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
# Aleutians.

# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
#       (none)
#       United States standard eastern time
#       United States standard mountain time
#       United States standard central time
#       United States standard Pacific time
#       (none)
#       United States standard Alaska time
#       (none)
# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
# public law 98-181):
#       Atlantic standard time
#       eastern standard time
#       central standard time
#       mountain standard time
#       Pacific standard time
#       Yukon standard time
#       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
#       Bering standard time
# And after 1983-11-30:
#       Atlantic standard time
#       eastern standard time
#       central standard time
#       mountain standard time
#       Pacific standard time
#       Alaska standard time
#       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
#       Samoa standard time
# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
# See the file "australasia".
 
# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
#
# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
#   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
#     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
#     Sunday of March'; and
#     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
#     Sunday of November'.
#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
#   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
#   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
#   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
#   States.
#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
#   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
#   Department study is complete.

# US eastern time, represented by New York

# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia

# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
# According to today's Huntsville Times
# <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
# in Columbus." 

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
                        -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
                        -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
                        -5:00   US      E%sT

# US central time, represented by Chicago

# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
                        -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15 2:00
                        -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
                        -6:00   US      C%sT
# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25 02:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
# The following is not implemented yet.
# What is the most populous city in that area?
# From http://www.statoids.com/tus.html (2006-01-20):
# 2003-10-26 02:00: All of Morton County, ND, and the part of Sioux
# County, ND east of ND route 31 moved from MT to CT.  (The area
# around Fort Yates in Sioux County and the area around Mandan in
# Morton County were already in CT.)

# US mountain time, represented by Denver
#
# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon,
# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
#
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
                        -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
                        -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
                        -7:00   US      M%sT

# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
#
# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
# Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties),
# most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
#
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
                        -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
                        -8:00   US      P%sT

# Alaska
# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
# This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
# also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
# ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
# the Julian calendar.
#
# As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
# it's best to simply use the official transition.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
                         -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
                         -8:00  -       PST     1942
                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
                         -8:00  -       PST     1969
                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
                         -9:00  US      AK%sT
Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
                         -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
                         -9:00  -       YST     1942
                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
                         -9:00  -       YST     1969
                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
                         -9:00  US      AK%sT
Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
                         -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
                        -10:00  -       CAT     1942
                        -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1946
                        -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
                        -10:00  -       AHST    1969
                        -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30 2:00
                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
                         -9:00  US      AK%sT
Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
                        -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
                        -11:00  -       NST     1942
                        -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
                        -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
                        -11:00  -       BST     1969
                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
                         -9:00  US      AK%sT
Zone America/Adak        12:13:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
                        -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
                        -11:00  -       NST     1942
                        -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
                        -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
                        -11:00  -       BST     1969
                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
                        -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
                        -10:00  US      HA%sT
# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
#
# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
#
# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
# possibly until 1983:
#
#  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
#  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
#  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
#  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
#  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
#  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
#  three votes for and one against."

# Hawaii
#
# From Arthur David Olson:
# And then there's Hawaii.
# DST was observed for one day in 1933;
# standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
# it's always standard as of 1986.
#
# From Paul Eggert:
# Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks.  Go with Shanks.
#
Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1900 Jan  1 12:00
                        -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30 2:00
                        -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 2:00
                        -10:30  US      H%sT    1947 Jun  8 2:00
                        -10:00  -       HST

# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.

# Arizona mostly uses MST.

# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
#
# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
# <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
# the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
# mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
#
# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.

Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1 00:01
                        -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1 00:01
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1 00:01
                        -7:00   -       MST     1967
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
                        -7:00   -       MST
# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
# large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
# tribal nations don't use DST.)

Link America/Denver America/Shiprock

# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties) and eastern Oregon
# switched four weeks late in 1974.
#
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13 2:00
                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
                        -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3 2:00
                        -7:00   US      M%sT

# Indiana
#
# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
# What time is it in Indiana?
# </a> (2005-10-30)
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
# with the following exceptions:
#
# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
#
# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
#
# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
#   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
#
# - Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, and Pulaski counties
#   have been like America/Indiana/Vincennes.
#
# - Crawford, Pike, Starke, and Switzerland counties have their own time zone
#   histories as noted below.
#
# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
#
# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.

# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf
# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
                        -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29 2:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1969
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006
                        -5:00   US      E%sT
#
# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
                        -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1969
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6 2:00
                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27 2:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006
                        -5:00   US      E%sT
#
# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, and Pulaski Counties, Indiana,
# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1969
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT
# 
# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
# then switched back in 2006.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
                        -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT
#
# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
# then switched back in 2006.
# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
# 1991-10-27.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
                        -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT
#
# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1969
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
                        -5:00   -       EST     2006
                        -5:00   US      E%sT

# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
                        -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1968
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6 2:00
                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27 2:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT
#
# Wayne County, Kentucky
#
# From
# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
# Lake Cumberland LIFE
# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
# location in the Central time zone.
#
# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
# (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
# The final rule was published in the
# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
# </a>
#
Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00   -       CST     1968
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT


# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
#       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
# so omit that change for now.
# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
# 1999-10-31.  See the
# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
# </a>
# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.

# Michigan
#
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
# that Detroit kept
#
#       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
#       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
#       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
#       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
#       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
#       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
#       by city vote.
#
# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
# one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
# info, so omit this for now.
#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Jun     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
                        -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1942
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
                        -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
                        -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27 2:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT
#
# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
                        -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29 2:00
                        -6:00   US      C%sT

# Navassa
# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
# also claimed by Haiti
# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
# currently uninhabited
# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).

################################################################################


# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
#       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
#       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
#       which I found in the UCLA library.
#
#       <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
#       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
#       </a> (1914-03)
#
# See the `europe' file for Greenland.

# Canada

# From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
#
#       UTC     Standard time   Daylight savings time
#       offset  French  English French  English
#       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
#       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
#       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
#       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
#       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
#       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
#       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
#       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
#       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
#
#       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
#       HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e    DT: Daylight saving Time
#
#       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
#       C: du Centre            Central
#       E: de l'Est             Eastern
#       M:                      Mountain
#       N:                      Newfoundland
#       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
#       R: des Rocheuses
#       T: de Terre-Neuve
#       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
#
# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.

# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks.

# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-21):
# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
# <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
# </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
#
# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
# href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
# information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
# </a> (updated periodically).
# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
#
# CBC News reported that Ontario and Manitoba have announced plans to
# follow the US change, and that Nova Scotia is considering it; see
# <http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/daylightsavingtime/> (2005-10-21).
# CBC news also reported that Prince Edward Island is the first
# province in Atlantic Canada to follow the US change, and that Quebec
# had agreed; see <http://www.cbc.ca/pei/story/pe_daylight_20051207.html>
# (2005-12-07).
#
# To reflect all this, the Canada and Winn rules have been adjusted to
# agree with the 2007 US change.  This means we assume most of Canada
# will fall into line.  However, Alberta, British Columbia,
# Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, and Yukon already have separate
# rules in our database, so for now we'll leave them alone, which
# means that we currently assume these regions will not change their
# rules and will disagree with the US starting in 2007.  This
# assumption is probably incorrect, with the possible exception of
# Newfoundland.  We plan to adjust the Edm, Vanc, StJohns, and NT_YK
# rules as the corresponding provinces make their announcements.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     31      2:00    0       S
Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S


# Newfoundland (and far southeast Labrador)

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
# but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
# southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
# but excluding, say, Black Tickle.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks.
Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1  23:00   1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks.
Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2  0:00    0       S
# Whitman gives the following transitions:
# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
# but go with Shanks and assume they used Canadian rules.
# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks.
Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2  2:00    0       S
Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
# at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
Rule    StJohns 1987    max     -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    2:00    DD
Rule    StJohns 1989    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
                        -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
                        -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
                        -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
                        -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT

# most of east Labrador

# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
                        -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
                        -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
                        -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
                        -3:30   -       NST     1936
                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
                        -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15 2:00
                        -4:00   StJohns A%sT


# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I

# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax.
# Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
# Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
# Shanks also writes that Liverpool, NS was the only town in Canada to observe
# DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume this is a typo.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT
Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
                        -4:00   -       AST     1972
                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT

# New Brunswick

# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
# New Brunswick's Time Definition Act
# <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf> says they change at 00:01, and
# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
# clear that this has been the case since at least 1993.
# For now, assume it started in 1993.  The Office of the Premier announced
# <http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/pre/2005e1737pr.htm> (2005-12-23)
# that they will bring forward proposed amendments to harmonize with the US;
# for now assume that this will happen, but they'll still switch at 00:01.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8  1:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8  1:00    0       S
Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1  1:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21 1:00    0       S
Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Moncton 1956    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
Rule    Moncton 2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:01    1:00    D
Rule    Moncton 2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:01    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
                        -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
                        -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
                        -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
                        -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
                        -4:00   Moncton A%sT

# Ontario, Quebec

# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like Toronto,
# and most of Quebec has been like Montreal.
# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.

# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
# have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
# presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
# earlier in June).
#
# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).

# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
# He also writes that the
# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
# </a>
# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
# For what it's worth, Shanks says that Atikokan has agreed with
# Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
# violation of the official Ontario rules.
# They also write that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to
# observe AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT,
# and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
# We probably need Zones for far east Quebec and for Atikokan,
# but we don't know when their practices started.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Mar     25      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Apr     24      0:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Mar     31      2:30    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Oct     25      2:30    0       S
Rule    Mont    1920    only    -       May      2      2:30    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1920    1922    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:30    0       S
Rule    Mont    1921    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1922    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1924    only    -       May     17      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1924    1926    -       Sep     lastSun 2:30    0       S
Rule    Mont    1925    1926    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
# Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Apr     lastSat 24:00   1:00    D
# Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Sep     lastSat 24:00   0       S
# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
Rule    Mont    1927    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1932    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1933    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1946    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mont    1945    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1949    1950    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Mont    1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S

Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
# Shanks says 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16" was meant.
Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
# Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25 2:00    0       S
# Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25 2:00    1:00    D
# Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
# Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Shanks says Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971, namely on 1971-10-24,
# but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that he checked the 1971-10-30 issue
# of the Toronto Star, and it said that DST ended 1971-10-31 as usual.
Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S

# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
# Saskatchewan, for one year."

# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
# include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
# already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
# months for the remainder of the war years.

# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montreal   -4:54:16 -      LMT     1884
                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1918
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1974
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
                        -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
                        -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
                        -6:00   -       CST     1910
                        -5:00   -       EST     1942
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1973
                        -5:00   -       EST     1974
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
                        -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Rainy_River -6:17:56 -     LMT     1895
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT


# Manitoba

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     31      2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Winn    1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Manitoba switches from
# DST at 03:00 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
Rule    Winn    1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
Rule    Winn    2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00s   1:00    D
Rule    Winn    2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
                        -6:00   Winn    C%sT


# Saskatchewan

# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
# level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
# the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
# time was noted.

# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Regina.
# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.

# From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
#
# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
# their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
#
# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
#
# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
# since sometime in the 1960s.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     31      2:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  2:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
#
Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
                        -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
                        -6:00   -       CST
Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
                        -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
                        -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
                        -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
                        -6:00   -       CST


# Alberta

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     31      2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Edm     1972    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Edm     1987    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
                        -7:00   Edm     M%sT


# British Columbia

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Vancouver.
# Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     31      2:00    0       S
Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Vanc    1962    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Vanc    1987    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
                        -8:00   Vanc    P%sT
Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
                        -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
                        -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30 2:00
                        -7:00   -       MST


# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon

# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
#       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
#       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
#       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
#       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
#       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
#       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
# Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander.

# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
# </a>
#
# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.

# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
# Basic Facts: The New Territory
# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.

# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
# Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
#
# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
#
#       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
#       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
#
# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
#
#       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
#
# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
# the current state of affairs.

# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
# for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
# for these potential new Zones.
#
# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
# zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
# required to use daylight savings.

# From
# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
# Nunavut now has two time zones
# </a> (2000-11-10):
# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
# the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
# unified time zone in 1999.
#
# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.

# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
# more.
# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]

# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
# According to maps at
# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
# (both dated 2003), and
# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
# round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
# daylight saving only during wartime.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    NT_YK   1980    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    NT_YK   1987    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 -     LMT     1884
                        -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Iqaluit    -4:33:52 -      LMT     1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
                        -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT
Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -   LMT     1884
                        -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1946
                        -5:00   -       EST
Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 -    LMT     1884
                        -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1 3:00
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT
Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 -   LMT     1884
                        -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5 0:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1 3:00
                        -7:00   Canada  M%sT
Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 -     LMT     1884
                        -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT
Zone America/Inuvik     -8:54:00 -      LMT     1884
                        -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
                        -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT
Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1966 Jul 1 2:00
                        -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT
Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28 0:00
                        -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT


###############################################################################

# Mexico

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
# </a>.
#
# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks and the MLoC.
# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
# Shanks reports that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
# Shanks says the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
# Shanks reports no DST during summer 1931.
# Shanks reports a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
# Shanks does not report transitions for Baja in 1945 or 1948.
# Shanks reports southern Mexico transitions on 1981-12-01, not 12-23.
# Shanks says Quintana Roo switched to -6:00 on 1982-12-02, and to -5:00
# on 1997-10-26 at 02:00.

# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
# tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
# the relevant documents.

# From Paul Eggert (2000-07-26):
# Shanks gives 1942-04-01 instead of 1942-04-24, and omits the 1981
# and 1988 DST experiments.  Go with spin.com.mx.

# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
#
# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
#
# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
#
# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
#    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
#    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
#    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
#
# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
#    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
#    BajaNorte: GMT+7
#    BajaSur:   GMT+6
#    General:   GMT+5
#
# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
#    BajaNorte: GMT+8
#    BajaSur:   GMT+7
#    General:   GMT+6
#
# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
#
# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
# For an English translation of the decree, see
# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
# </a>

# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).

# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
# Arizona year round.

# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
# whole year.

# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
# (translated):...
# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
# this year....
# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.

# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
# observation of Daylight Saving Time.

# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
# Official statute published by the Energy Department
# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).

# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
#
# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
# </a>
# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
#   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
#   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
#
# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.

# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
# September 30, 2001.
# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)

# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
# next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.

# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
# confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
# Quintana Roo
Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
                        -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
                        -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
# Campeche, Yucatan
Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
                        -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
                        -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
                        -6:00   -       CST     1988
                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
# Central Mexico
Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
                        -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
                        -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
                        -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30 02:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
# Chihuahua
Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
                        -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
                        -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
                        -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
                        -6:00   -       CST     1996
                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
                        -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
                        -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
# Sonora
Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
                        -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
                        -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
                        -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
                        -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
                        -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
                        -8:00   -       PST     1970
                        -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
                        -7:00   -       MST
# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
                        -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
                        -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
                        -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
                        -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
                        -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
                        -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
                        -8:00   -       PST     1970
                        -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
# Baja California
Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
                        -7:00   -       MST     1924
                        -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
                        -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
                        -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
                        -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
                        -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
                        -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Nov 12
                        -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
                        -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
                        -8:00   -       PST     1954
                        -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
                        -8:00   -       PST     1976
                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
                        -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
                        -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
                        -8:00   Mexico  P%sT
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
# through 1995.  This was as per Shanks.  However, Guy Harris reports
# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
# Tijuana observe DST," which contradicts Shanks but does imply that
# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
# name or contents should be.
#
# Revillagigedo Is
# no information

###############################################################################

# Anguilla
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Anguilla   -4:12:16 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Antigua and Barbuda
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Antigua -4:07:12 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
                        -5:00   -       EST     1951
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Bahamas
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Bahamas 1964    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
Rule    Bahamas 1964    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Bahamas 1987    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:24 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
                        -5:00   Bahamas E%sT

# Barbados
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    D
Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:28 -      LMT     1924            # Bridgetown
                        -3:58:28 -      BMT     1932      # Bridgetown Mean Time
                        -4:00   Barb    A%sT

# Belize
# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2  0:00    0:30    HD
Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9  0:00    0       S
Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       S
Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
                        -6:00   Belize  C%sT

# Bermuda
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:04 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
                        -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
                        -4:00   Bahamas A%sT

# Cayman Is
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890            # Georgetown
                        -5:07:12 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
                        -5:00   -       EST

# Costa Rica
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15 0:00    1:00    D
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; go with Shanks.
Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 -      LMT     1890            # San Jose
                        -5:36:20 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
                        -6:00   CR      C%sT
# Coco
# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica

# Cuba

# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
# Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)

# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-28):
# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
# For now, let's assume that it's a one-year temporary measure.

# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
# adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00s   0       S
Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
Rule    Cuba    2000    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00s   1:00    D
Rule    Cuba    2006    max     -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S

# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
                        -5:00   Cuba    C%sT

# Dominica
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Dominica   -4:05:36 -      LMT     1911 Jul 1 0:01         # Roseau
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Dominican Republic

# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html

# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.

# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
# November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
# to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
# decided to revert.


# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
                        -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
                        -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
                        -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29 02:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3 01:00
                        -4:00   -       AST

# El Salvador
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
# instead of America/San_Salvador.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921            # San Salvador
                        -6:00   Salv    C%sT

# Grenada
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Grenada -4:07:00 -      LMT     1911 Jul        # St George's
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Guadeloupe
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 -      LMT     1911 Jun 8      # Pointe a Pitre
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Guatemala
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
                        -6:00   Guat    C%sT

# Haiti
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
# <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
# </a>.  Translated from French, it says:
#
#  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
#   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
#   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
#   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
#   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
#
#  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
#   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
#   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
#   October 2005.
#
#  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"

# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
# Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.  Go with IATA.
Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  1:00s   1:00    D
Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
Rule    Haiti   2005    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Haiti   2005    only    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
                        -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
                        -5:00   Haiti   E%sT

# Honduras
# Shanks says 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
                        -6:00   Salv    C%sT
#
# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972

# Jamaica

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Follows US rules.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC

# From Shanks:
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:12 -      LMT     1890            # Kingston
                        -5:07:12 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
                        -5:00   -       EST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
                        -5:00   -       EST

# Martinique
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890            # Fort-de-France
                        -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
                        -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
                        -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Montserrat
# From Paul Eggert (1997-08-31):
# Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
# Luckily, Olveston, the current de facto capital, has the same longitude.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 -      LMT     1911 Jul 1 0:01   # Olveston
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Nicaragua
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (1998-12-29):
# Nicaragua seems to be back at -6:00 but I have not been able to find when
# they changed from -5:00.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
# expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
# Some background information is available on the President's official site:
# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
# assume that it is daylight saving and that they'll switch back on the
# 3rd Sunday in September.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
# since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
# changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
# (2005-09-26)
#
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23 0:00    0       S
Rule    Nic     1992    only    -       Jan      1      4:00    1:00    D
Rule    Nic     1992    only    -       Sep     24      0:00    0       S
Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
                        -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
                        -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
                        -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1993 Jan 1 4:00
                        -5:00   -       EST     1998 Dec
                        -6:00   Nic     C%sT

# Panama
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
                        -5:00   -       EST

# Puerto Rico
# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
                        -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
                        -4:00   1:00    AWT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
                        -4:00   -       AST

# St Kitts-Nevis
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Kitts   -4:10:52 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2      # Basseterre
                        -4:00   -       AST

# St Lucia
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Lucia   -4:04:00 -      LMT     1890            # Castries
                        -4:04:00 -      CMT     1912        # Castries Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       AST

# St Pierre and Miquelon
# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15     # St Pierre
                        -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
                        -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
                        -3:00   Canada  PM%sT

# St Vincent and the Grenadines
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 -      LMT     1890            # Kingstown
                        -4:04:56 -      KMT     1912       # Kingstown Mean Time
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Turks and Caicos
# From Paul Eggert (1998-08-06):
# Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
# says they switch at midnight.  Go with IATA SSIM.
# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
Rule    TC      1979    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
Rule    TC      1979    max     -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
Rule    TC      1987    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
                        -5:07:12 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
                        -5:00   TC      E%sT

# British Virgin Is
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Tortola    -4:18:28 -      LMT     1911 Jul    # Road Town
                        -4:00   -       AST

# Virgin Is
# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Thomas  -4:19:44 -      LMT     1911 Jul    # Charlotte Amalie
                        -4:00   -       AST
